The Canary Islands are one of Europe’s most fascinating archipelagos — a place where dramatic volcanic landscapes, lush forests, golden dunes and Atlantic coastlines come together in a climate known as “eternal spring.” Although located closer to Africa than mainland Spain, the islands belong to Spain and blend European, African and Latin influences into a unique cultural identity. This guide provides an in-depth look at the seven main islands, their landscapes, culture, climate, practical information and what makes this region unlike anywhere else in the world.
- Top Destinations in the Canary Islands
- Things to Do in the Canary Islands
- Beaches in the Canary Islands
- Canary Islands Fast Facts
An Archipelago of Seven Distinct Islands
The Canary Islands consist of seven major islands, each shaped by its own climate patterns, geological features and cultural traditions:
- Tenerife: The largest island, home to Mount Teide, black-sand beaches and a variety of microclimates.
- Gran Canaria: Known as a “mini continent” for its dunes, pine forests, coastal cities and quiet inland valleys.
- Lanzarote: A volcanic masterpiece with lunar landscapes, design by César Manrique and award-winning wines.
- Fuerteventura: Famous for golden beaches, turquoise lagoons and year-round surfing conditions.
- La Palma: Nicknamed “La Isla Bonita” for its lush forests, volcanic peaks and world-class stargazing.
- La Gomera: A green sanctuary of ancient laurel forests, deep ravines and small rural villages.
- El Hierro: The smallest island, known for natural pools, diving sites and quiet coastal towns.
Together, these islands create one of Europe’s most diverse travel regions — ideal for nature lovers, photographers, hikers, families, adventure travelers and anyone seeking warm weather in any season.
The Geography of the Canary Islands
The archipelago’s dramatic geography is the result of millions of years of volcanic activity. These geological forces shaped the deep ravines, high peaks and rugged coastlines that define the islands today. Iconic features include:
- Mount Teide (Tenerife): Spain’s highest peak and one of the world’s largest volcanoes measured from its base.
- Lanzarote’s lava fields: Vast volcanic landscapes formed during the eruptions of the 18th century.
- Sahara-influenced dunes: Massive dune systems in Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria shaped by desert winds.
- Ancient cloud forests: La Gomera’s Garajonay National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
- Coastal cliffs: Including Tenerife’s dramatic Los Gigantes.
- Natural rock pools: Found in El Hierro and several northern islands.
Climate: A Year-Round Destination
The Canary Islands enjoy one of the world’s most stable climates. Thanks to the Atlantic Ocean, trade winds and their geographical location, temperatures remain mild throughout the year:
- Average annual temperature: about 22°C (72°F)
- Winter: 18–21°C (64–70°F)
- Summer: 25–28°C (77–82°F)
- Sunshine: More than 300 sunny days annually
These conditions make the islands perfect for hiking, swimming, surfing, stargazing and outdoor activities in every season. Learn more: Weather in the Canary Islands.
Culture & Local Traditions
Although politically part of Spain, the Canary Islands have a distinct cultural identity shaped by centuries of Mediterranean, African and Latin American influences. Cultural highlights include:
- Colorful fiestas held throughout the year, often with traditional costumes and music.
- Unique musical styles, folk dances and island-specific rhythms.
- Artisanal crafts such as pottery, weaving and basket making.
- A local dialect with strong Caribbean Spanish influences.
- Historic towns including La Laguna in Tenerife and Teror in Gran Canaria.
Food & Gastronomy
Canarian cuisine is simple, fresh and shaped by island-grown produce, Atlantic seafood and volcanic soils. Essential dishes include:
- Papas arrugadas served with spicy mojo sauces.
- Fresh grilled fish caught along the islands’ coastlines.
- Gofio, a toasted grain flour used in both sweet and savory dishes.
- Goat and mixed-milk cheeses.
- Lanzarote’s Malvasía wines, produced in volcanic vineyards.
Explore more: Food & Drinks in the Canary Islands.
Landscapes & Natural Wonders
Each island features natural attractions worth visiting, from volcanic formations to evergreen forests:
- Maspalomas Dunes in Gran Canaria
- Timanfaya National Park in Lanzarote
- Anaga Rural Park in Tenerife
- Caldera de Taburiente in La Palma
- Garajonay National Park in La Gomera
- Natural pools and lava-rock shores in El Hierro
Beaches: Golden, Volcanic & Wild
The archipelago offers one of Europe’s most varied collections of beaches:
- Golden-sand shores (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria)
- Black volcanic beaches (Tenerife, La Palma)
- Turquoise lagoons (Fuerteventura)
- Surf meccas (Lanzarote, Tenerife)
- Natural pools (El Hierro)
More information here: Beaches in the Canary Islands.
Outdoor Activities
With scenic trails, marine life, volcanic terrain and ideal weather, the Canary Islands are a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts:
- Volcano hiking
- Surfing and windsurfing
- Scuba diving and snorkeling
- Stargazing at world-class observatories
- Cycling and mountain biking
- Whale and dolphin watching
Plan your experiences: Things to Do in the Canary Islands.
Entry Requirements for Visiting the Canary Islands
Although the Canary Islands sit off the northwest coast of Africa, they are an autonomous community of Spain. This means that entry rules follow Spain’s Schengen Area regulations:
- EU/EEA citizens: Free movement; ID card or passport is sufficient.
- Non-EU visitors: Short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period usually fall under standard Schengen rules.
- Visa requirements: The islands do not have a separate visa system — visitors follow Spain’s national entry policy.
- Passport validity: Should generally be valid for at least six months beyond your stay.
- Border checks: No internal border control between the Canary Islands and mainland Spain.
Because the islands are part of Spain, there are no special immigration procedures specific to the archipelago.
Travel Practicalities
The Canary Islands are safe, visitor-friendly and easy to explore. Key details include:
- Currency: Euro (€)
- Time zone: GMT+0
- Transport: Inter-island ferries, domestic flights, buses and rental cars
- Best way to explore: Renting a car for maximum flexibility
- Local hospitality: Friendly and welcoming across all islands
More advice: Travel Tips for the Canary Islands.
Why the Canary Islands Stand Out
Few destinations offer such a wide variety of experiences in such a compact area. In a single trip, you can:
- Hike volcanic peaks
- Explore ancient forests
- Swim in turquoise lagoons
- Visit colorful historic towns
- Taste unique volcanic wines
- Photograph wild coastlines
- Watch whales and dolphins
This diversity — combined with a warm year-round climate — is what makes the Canary Islands unforgettable for travelers of all ages.
Where to Go Next
From volcanic landscapes and subtropical forests to vibrant coastal towns and golden beaches, the Canary Islands offer endless opportunities for exploration. Consider this guide your introduction to a region where nature, culture and island life blend into one extraordinary travel experience.
