Moscow’s weather is as dramatic and diverse as the city itself — from snowy winters that turn the Kremlin into a fairytale scene to bright, lively summers filled with outdoor concerts and riverside strolls. Understanding the Moscow climate helps you plan the perfect visit, pack smartly, and enjoy every season in Russia’s magnificent capital.
Overview of Moscow’s Climate
Moscow has a humid continental climate, marked by four distinct seasons: cold, snowy winters and warm, sometimes humid summers. Spring and autumn are short but beautiful transitions, painting the city in bright green or golden tones. The city’s inland location means it experiences larger temperature swings than coastal European capitals.
- Average annual temperature: +5.5 °C
- Coldest month: January (–10 °C average)
- Warmest month: July (+23 °C average)
- Average yearly rainfall: 690 mm
Winter in Moscow (December – February)
Winter in Moscow is long, crisp, and enchanting. Snow begins in late November and often lasts until early March. Red Square becomes a postcard setting with sparkling lights, Christmas markets, and ice-skating rinks. Temperatures regularly drop below freezing, but locals embrace the season with fur hats, hot tea, and outdoor festivals.
- Temperature range: –15 °C to –5 °C
- Daylight: 6–8 hours
- What to pack: Thermal layers, waterproof boots, gloves, and a warm coat.
- Best experiences: Ice-skating in GUM, visiting winter parks, and enjoying steaming pelmeni.
Spring in Moscow (March – May)
Spring arrives late but transforms Moscow quickly. Melting snow gives way to blooming parks and long walks along the Moskva River. By May, the city bursts into color as tulips fill Gorky Park and outdoor cafés reopen. Expect some rain showers, especially in April.
- Temperature range: 0 °C to +17 °C
- What to pack: Waterproof jacket, comfortable shoes, and layers for changing conditions.
- Best experiences: Visiting botanical gardens, strolling in Zaryadye Park, and enjoying Victory Day parades in May.
Summer in Moscow (June – August)
Summer is when Moscow truly comes alive. Days are long, nights are warm, and locals fill parks, rooftops, and open-air cinemas. Rain showers are common but brief. Temperatures can rise above +30 °C during heatwaves, so plan early-morning sightseeing and evening dining outdoors.
- Temperature range: +18 °C to +30 °C
- Daylight: Up to 17 hours in June
- What to pack: Light clothing, sunscreen, and a light jacket for cooler nights.
- Best experiences: River cruises, summer festivals, and rooftop bars in Patriarch’s Ponds.
Autumn in Moscow (September – November)
Autumn paints Moscow in gold and crimson hues. The air is crisp, and the city’s parks — especially Tsaritsyno and Kolomenskoye — turn into living art galleries of fall foliage. September remains warm, but by late October, temperatures drop and nights become chilly.
- Temperature range: +10 °C to 0 °C
- What to pack: Sweaters, scarves, and a medium coat.
- Best experiences: Photography in parks, cozy cafés, and cultural festivals.
Average Temperatures by Month (°C)
| Month | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|
| January | –12 | –6 |
| February | –10 | –4 |
| March | –5 | +3 |
| April | +3 | +12 |
| May | +8 | +19 |
| June | +13 | +23 |
| July | +15 | +25 |
| August | +13 | +23 |
| September | +8 | +17 |
| October | +3 | +9 |
| November | –3 | +1 |
| December | –8 | –3 |
When to Visit Moscow
The best time to visit depends on what kind of Moscow you want to experience:
- Best Overall: May to September — ideal balance of sunshine, long days, and cultural events.
- For Snow & Winter Charm: December to February — perfect for holiday markets and frozen beauty.
- For Fewer Crowds: March–April and October–November — quieter, cheaper, and still scenic.
Weather Tips for Travelers
- Always check local forecasts on gismeteo.ru or yr.no before heading out.
- In winter, wear layered clothing — heated interiors can be much warmer than outside.
- In summer, carry water and sunscreen — heatwaves can be intense in July.
- Umbrellas are useful year-round, as rain showers appear suddenly.
- Bring waterproof shoes in early spring and late autumn — melting snow can create puddles.
Where to Go Next
- About Moscow – Learn more about the city’s geography and culture.
- Things to Do in Moscow – Discover seasonal activities and attractions.
- Food & Drinks in Moscow – Find the best dishes for every season.
- Transportation Guide for Moscow – Navigate efficiently in any weather.
Whatever the season, Moscow’s beauty adapts — radiant under snow, golden in autumn, and full of life in summer. Plan ahead, dress smart, and you’ll see why every time of year offers a new way to fall in love with Russia’s capital.
